FDA MEDICAL DEVICE CLASSIFICATION – OVERVIEW
The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classified medical devices depending on the risk they pose to the user. The FDA divides devices into three classes: Class I (low risk), Class II (moderate risk), and Class III (high risk) (high risk). In addition, the device’s intended function, the location within the patient where it will be utilised, the duration of engagement with the patient, and whether the device is active or passive are all factors that influence FDA medical device classification.
Class 1 devices must be developed and manufactured in accordance with “general controls,” such as having appropriate labelling or branding that is not deceptive, the manufacturing establishment must be registered with the FDA, effective manufacturing controls (GMP) must be in place.
Outside of the permitted “exemptions,” Class II and Class I devices must go through the 510(K) clearance to the market approval process. Class II devices are subject to “special controls,” such as labelling and post-market surveillance. “Good manufacturing practises” should be followed while producing Class II devices.
The PMA (pre-market approval) process will be required for Class III devices. Note: There are certain exceptions to the whole PMA approval process, such as if the device is substantially comparable to one that was on the market before 1976 and did not require a PMA previously.
FDA CLASSIFICATION & REGULATORY CONTROLS
FDA MEDICAL DEVICE CLASSIFICATION FLOW CHART
If you need to file a premarket notification [510(k)] for your device, go to the [510(k)] Premarket Notification
Proceed with registration and listing for Class I devices exempt from 510k, or (or some class II) devices are exempt from the 510(k) procedure, subject to the restrictions on exemptions, as specified in the classification rule. Other General Controls, however, apply, such as registration and listing, labelling, and good manufacturing standards.
Proceed to the Premarket Approval (PMA) page if you have a Class III device that requires premarket approval (PMA).
DEVICE CLASSIFICATION PANELS
US FDA
The majority of medical devices may very well be categorised by looking up the device’s description in Title 21 Parts 862-892. The FDA has classified and characterised approximately 1,700 different types of devices, dividing them into 16 medical specialities “panels” in the CFR.